Also confusing are the abbreviations for APRNs. Both the IOM and LACE reports have suggested the adoption of consistent abbreviations but there is no consensus at this time.

These abbreviations will be used throughout this website as they are the most common:

• Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)

• (Certified) nurse practitioner (CNP)

• (Certified Registered) nurse anesthetist (CRNA)

• (Certified) nurse midwife (CNM)

• Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)