This national study conducted by Brandeis University and Montana State University shows new evidence of the lower cost of care for Medicare beneficiaries managed by NPs, as compared to those managed by primary care MDs, across inpatient and office-based settings.  A good reference for speaking to your legislators and other policy makers about the cost-effectiveness of APRNs.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.12425/abstract

Julie Hannah, FNP-C